Wednesday, January 09, 2013

How The Speed Of Light Was Measured In 1676




In 1676, the Danish astronomer Ole Roemer (1644–1710) became the first person to measure the speed of light. Until that time, scientists assumed that the speed of light was either too fast to measure or infinite. The dominant view, vigorously argued by the French philosopher Descartes, favored an infinite speed.
Roemer, working at the Paris Observatory, was not looking for the speed of light when he found it. Instead, he was compiling extensive observations of the orbit of Io, the innermost of the four big satellites of Jupiter discovered by Galileo in 1610. By timing the eclipses of Io by Jupiter, Roemer hoped to determine a more accurate value for the satellite’s orbital period. Such observations had a practical importance in the seventeenth century. 

Galileo himself had suggested that tables of the orbital motion of Jupiter’s satellites would provide a kind of “clock” in the sky. Navigators and mapmakers anywhere in the world might use this clock to read the absolute time (the standard time at a place of known longitude, like the Paris Observatory). 
Then, by determining the local solar time, they could calculate their longitude from the time difference. This method of finding longitude eventually turned out to be impractical and was abandoned after the development of accurate seagoing timepieces. But the Io eclipse data unexpectedly solved another important scientific problem—the speed of light.
The orbital period of Io is now known to be 1.769 Earth days. The satellite is eclipsed by Jupiter once every orbit, as seen from the Earth. By timing these eclipses over many years, Roemer noticed something peculiar. The time interval between successive eclipses became steadily shorter as the Earth in its orbit moved toward Jupiter and became steadily longer as the Earth moved away from Jupiter. These differences accumulated. From his data, Roemer estimated that when the Earth was nearest to Jupiter (at E1), eclipses of Io would occur about eleven minutes earlier than predicted based on the average orbital period over many years. And 6.5 months later, when the Earth was farthest from Jupiter (at E2), the eclipses would occur about eleven minutes later than predicted.
Orbits of Jupiter and Earth
Roemer measured the speed of light by timing eclipses of Jupiter's moon Io. In this figure, S is the Sun, E1 is the Earth when closest to Jupiter (J1) and E2 is the Earth about six months later, on the opposite side of the Sun from Jupiter (J2). When the Earth is at E2, the light from the Jupiter system has to travel an extra distance represented by the diameter of the Earth's orbit. This causes a delay in the timing of the eclipses. Roemer measured the delay and, knowing approximately the diameter of the Earth's orbit, made the first good estimate of the speed of light. Illustration by Diana Kline.
Roemer knew that the true orbital period of Io could have nothing to do with the relative positions of the Earth and Jupiter. In a brilliant insight, he realized that the time difference must be due to the finite speed of light. That is, light from the Jupiter system has to travel farther to reach the Earth when the two planets are on opposite sides of the Sun than when they are closer together. Romer estimated that light required twenty-two minutes to cross the diameter of the Earth’s orbit. The speed of light could then be found by dividing the diameter of the Earth’s orbit by the time difference.
The Dutch scientist Christiaan Huygens, who first did the arithmetic, found a value for the speed of light equivalent to 131,000 miles per second. The correct value is 186,000 miles per second. The difference was due to errors in Roemer’s estimate for the maximum time delay (the correct value is 16.7, not 22 minutes), and also to an imprecise knowledge of the Earth’s orbital diameter. More important than the exact answer, however, was the fact that Roemer’s data provided the first quantitative estimate for the speed of light, and it was in the right ballpark.
Roemer returned to Denmark in 1681, where he pursued a distinguished career in both science and government. He designed and built the most accurate astronomical instruments of his time and made extensive observations. He later served as mayor and prefect of police of Copenhagen and ultimately as head of the State Council. Roemer is remembered today of course not for his high political office but for being the first person to measure the speed of light.
Via: "AMNH"
Above Image: USS Atalanta - Warp Speed
By Vatorx

35 comments:

Anonymous said...

ifijq [url=http://www.drdrebeatsbuycheap.co.uk]dr dre beats[/url] hdtnb http://www.drdrebeatsbuycheap.co.uk jmtgt [url=http://www.drdrebeatscheapest.co.uk]cheap beats[/url] qryyy http://www.drdrebeatscheapest.co.uk xwbep [url=http://www.drdrecheapbeats.co.uk]dr dre beats[/url] vlxmt http://www.drdrecheapbeats.co.uk hofeb [url=http://www.drdreoutletstores.co.uk]beats outlet[/url] tawpu http://www.drdreoutletstores.co.uk hklzl [url=http://www.drdreheadphonessales.co.uk]beats headphones[/url] vajva http://www.drdreheadphonessales.co.uk ffwwq [url=http://www.cheapbeatsdrdrestores.co.uk]beats by dre[/url] acbpi http://www.cheapbeatsdrdrestores.co.uk kylg

Anonymous said...

ydbsw [url=http://www.drdrebeatsbuycheap.co.uk]dr dre beats[/url] hbbyt http://www.drdrebeatsbuycheap.co.uk ciixg [url=http://www.drdrebeatscheapest.co.uk]dr dre beats[/url] deqrl http://www.drdrebeatscheapest.co.uk zodin [url=http://www.drdrecheapbeats.co.uk]cheap beats[/url] euftw http://www.drdrecheapbeats.co.uk tstor [url=http://www.drdreoutletstores.co.uk]beats outlet[/url] pgivw http://www.drdreoutletstores.co.uk djded [url=http://www.drdreheadphonessales.co.uk]beats by dre[/url] fvvhd http://www.drdreheadphonessales.co.uk zxrgx [url=http://www.cheapbeatsdrdrestores.co.uk]cheap beats by dre[/url] avmkc http://www.cheapbeatsdrdrestores.co.uk ohnq

Anonymous said...

pguai [url=http://www.drdrebeatsbuycheap.co.uk]dr dre beats[/url] kvypy http://www.drdrebeatsbuycheap.co.uk fvqpk [url=http://www.drdrebeatscheapest.co.uk]cheap beats[/url] lhehn http://www.drdrebeatscheapest.co.uk udfiq [url=http://www.drdrecheapbeats.co.uk]cheap beats[/url] zubpu http://www.drdrecheapbeats.co.uk tyvhd [url=http://www.drdreoutletstores.co.uk]beats outlet[/url] mhasv http://www.drdreoutletstores.co.uk hgrsv [url=http://www.drdreheadphonessales.co.uk]beats headphones[/url] ybouz http://www.drdreheadphonessales.co.uk xmiqn [url=http://www.cheapbeatsdrdrestores.co.uk]dr dre beats[/url] mkhkp http://www.cheapbeatsdrdrestores.co.uk aoqs

Anonymous said...

aidzu [url=http://www.pickcelinehandbags.com]celine bags[/url] apdjmj http://www.pickcelinehandbags.com drvvt [url=http://www.savecelinehandbags.com]cheap celine bag[/url] qghapx http://www.savecelinehandbags.com puqws [url=http://www.savecelinebags.com]celine bag[/url] mojrrz http://www.savecelinebags.com lawp [url=http://www.goodcelinebags.com]celine handbags[/url] znsubx http://www.goodcelinebags.com eslmp [url=http://www.goodcelinehandbags.com]cheap celine bag[/url] snurrb http://www.goodcelinehandbags.com iodag [url=http://www.onlinecelinebags.com]celine bag[/url] kxcrrd http://www.onlinecelinebags.com iapn

Anonymous said...

umbma [url=http://www.getcanadagooseoutlet.com]canada goose outlet[/url] etwnyc http://www.getcanadagooseoutlet.com kdsop [url=http://www.pick-canadagoose.com]canada goose sale[/url] dbqrxc http://www.pick-canadagoose.com rtioy [url=http://www.pickupcanadagoose.com]canada goose[/url] qkdyta http://www.pickupcanadagoose.com igrf [url=http://www.pay-canadagooseoutlet.com]canada goose jacket[/url] towqbs http://www.pay-canadagooseoutlet.com pgbtg [url=http://www.yescanadagooseoutlet.com]canada goose outlet[/url] ggyain http://www.yescanadagooseoutlet.com omqpu [url=http://www.online-canadagooseoutlet.com]canada goose jacket[/url] arruab http://www.online-canadagooseoutlet.com ohjw

Anonymous said...

gizfk [url=http://www.add-celinehandbags.co.uk]celine bags[/url] iivpqd http://www.add-celinehandbags.co.uk ivxys [url=http://www.add-celinebags.co.uk]cheap celine bag[/url] cybrsc http://www.add-celinebags.co.uk niivk [url=http://www.getcelinebags.co.uk]cheap celine bags[/url] ggosyt http://www.getcelinebags.co.uk umhe [url=http://www.pay-celinebags.co.uk]celine handbags[/url] alxxiw http://www.pay-celinebags.co.uk joozj [url=http://www.pay-celinehandbags.co.uk]cheap celine bag[/url] fwgvfw http://www.pay-celinehandbags.co.uk wadcm [url=http://www.online-celinebags.co.uk]celine bag online[/url] rcjqtd http://www.online-celinebags.co.uk thkh

Anonymous said...

xif [url=http://www.celineluggagetotediscount.com]Celine Bag[/url] tql http://www.celineluggagetotediscount.com ebl [url=http://www.celinehandbagsdiscount.com]Celine Bag[/url] esi http://www.celinehandbagsdiscount.com vtf [url=http://www.celinebagxiao.com]Celine Bag[/url] swj http://www.celinebagxiao.com hxa [url=http://www.celinehandbagswe.com]Celine Handbags[/url] lhw http://www.celinehandbagswe.com bpo [url=http://www.drdrebeatsname.com]Dr Dre Beats[/url] vrt http://www.drdrebeatsname.com cdj

Anonymous said...

iwcyp [url=http://www.celinebagnamey.com]celine bags[/url] gshej http://www.celinebagnamey.com nqee [url=http://www.celineluggagetotename.com]celine bags[/url] lymur http://www.celineluggagetotename.com kdpb [url=http://www.pickcelinehandbags.com]celine bag[/url] otssq http://www.pickcelinehandbags.com fmgmu [url=http://www.savecelinebags.com]celine handbags[/url] hohrl http://www.savecelinebags.com rfkoo [url=http://www.goodcelinehandbags.com]celine bag[/url] sugxd http://www.goodcelinehandbags.com vkpbc [url=http://www.onlinecelinebags.com]celine bag[/url] eetwr http://www.onlinecelinebags.com ndqk

Anonymous said...

ten [url=http://www.celineluggagetotediscount.com]Celine Bags[/url] wcv http://www.celineluggagetotediscount.com lyb [url=http://www.celinehandbagsdiscount.com]Celine Bags[/url] uiw http://www.celinehandbagsdiscount.com yjh [url=http://www.celinebagxiao.com]Celine Handbags[/url] bht http://www.celinebagxiao.com zzg [url=http://www.celinehandbagswe.com]Celine Handbags[/url] pfx http://www.celinehandbagswe.com wdl [url=http://www.drdrebeatsname.com]Cheap Beats By Dre[/url] ivh http://www.drdrebeatsname.com uay

Anonymous said...

wwp [url=http://hollisterjeansky.com]Hollister Clothing[/url] rkl http://hollisterjeansky.com bsu [url=http://hollisteroutletky.com]Hollister Jeans[/url] acq http://hollisteroutletky.com xgn [url=http://celinebagsky.com]Celine Handbags[/url] rhm http://celinebagsky.com gkm [url=http://celinebagky.com]Celine Handbags[/url] aew http://celinebagky.com npw [url=http://canadagooseoutlet-go.ca]Canada Goose[/url] hgp http://canadagooseoutlet-go.ca kfo [url=http://canadagooseoutlet-good.ca]Canada Goose[/url] akx http://canadagooseoutlet-good.ca abq

Anonymous said...

ebu [url=http://www.celineluggagetotediscount.com]Celine Bag[/url] fwn http://www.celineluggagetotediscount.com dyc [url=http://www.celinehandbagsdiscount.com]Celine Bags[/url] rqe http://www.celinehandbagsdiscount.com xlt [url=http://www.celinebagxiao.com]Celine Handbags[/url] mcn http://www.celinebagxiao.com wfk [url=http://louisvuittonsaleky.com]Louis Vuitton Handbags[/url] ioe http://louisvuittonsaleky.com bip [url=http://louisvuittonoutletonlineky.com]Louis Vuitton Sale[/url] zfj http://louisvuittonoutletonlineky.com yzp [url=http://louisvuittonhandbagsoutletky.com]Louis Vuitton Outle[/url] lnk http://louisvuittonhandbagsoutletky.com uwc [url=http://cheapbeatsbydreky.com]Dre Beats[/url] pkv http://cheapbeatsbydreky.com lts

Anonymous said...

rdyugi http://au-louisvuittonoutlet.com tvuica http://www.hots-canadagooseoutlet.com zuzlxy http://www.montblanc-sale-us.com fuweyi http://cheaperbeatsbyydre.com pfndjy http://fox-louisvuittonoutlet.com xtfzsd [url=http://au-louisvuittonoutlet.com]louis vuitton outlet[/url] fuqhn [url=http://www.hots-canadagooseoutlet.com]canada goose jacket[/url] dgjjh [url=http://www.montblanc-sale-us.com]cheap mont blanc[/url] wpghb [url=http://cheaperbeatsbyydre.com]dr dre beats[/url] htwqpv [url=http://fox-louisvuittonoutlet.com]louis vuitton outlet[/url] gpym

Anonymous said...

tnzbe [url=http://www.purchasingcheapbeatsbydre.com]beats by dre[/url] lsgoy http://www.purchasingcheapbeatsbydre.com ibcua [url=http://www.drdrebeatsxiao.com]dr dre beats[/url] gskpm http://www.drdrebeatsxiao.com aqbbo [url=http://www.goonebeatsbydre.com]dr dre beats[/url] jwlgb http://www.goonebeatsbydre.com wctxj [url=http://www.vip-beatsbydresale.com]cheap beats by dre[/url] kpugy http://www.vip-beatsbydresale.com vrch [url=http://www.drdrebeatsnamew.com]cheap beats by dre[/url] yufcf http://www.drdrebeatsnamew.com nelc [url=http://www.beatsbydrenameq.com]beats by dre[/url] jhnny http://www.beatsbydrenameq.com awis

Anonymous said...

esrtmr http://pa-louisvuittoncheap.com mgvivy http://www.mccanadagooseoutlet.com xdhhdv http://www.sale-cheapmontblanc.com rmkfrq http://cheaperbeatssbydre.com odcaah http://palouisvuittonoutlet.com aogcnz [url=http://pa-louisvuittoncheap.com]louis vuitton outlet[/url] wnjit [url=http://www.mccanadagooseoutlet.com]canada goose outlet[/url] ldhao [url=http://www.sale-cheapmontblanc.com]mont blanc pens[/url] wxptt [url=http://cheaperbeatssbydre.com]beats by dre[/url] jpcnsg [url=http://palouisvuittonoutlet.com]louis vuitton sale[/url] bwge

Anonymous said...

lmgwjb http://abc-louisvuittonoutlet.com olybks http://www.canadagoosehut.com vyvkrq http://www.mymontblancforcheap.com uozquc http://beatsbydrecheapp.com uhkszf http://alouisvuittonoutlet-au.com kqfaqc [url=http://abc-louisvuittonoutlet.com]louis vuitton sale[/url] ihcmh [url=http://www.canadagoosehut.com]canada goose[/url] kgxmp [url=http://www.mymontblancforcheap.com]cheap mont blanc[/url] sfdlo [url=http://beatsbydrecheapp.com]cheap beats by dre[/url] odaiyf [url=http://alouisvuittonoutlet-au.com]louis vuitton outlet[/url] daxp

Anonymous said...

gpszqw http://www.mocanadagoosejackets.com zoydwl http://icheapbeatsbyddre.com kndtaz http://www.mocanadagooseoutlet.com fqxayv http://socheapbeatsbydree.com pespqp [url=http://www.mocanadagoosejackets.com]canada goose outlet[/url] gfjrt [url=http://icheapbeatsbyddre.com]cheap beats by dre[/url] jpvzer [url=http://www.mocanadagooseoutlet.com]canada goose[/url] tkvje [url=http://socheapbeatsbydree.com]dr dre beats[/url] rfelcq [url=http://palouisvuittonoutlet.com]louis vuitton sale[/url] ckilau [url=http://pa-louisvuittoncheap.com]louis vuitton outlet[/url] nodc

Anonymous said...

lfqaw [url=http://www.purchasingcheapbeatsbydre.com]dr dre beats[/url] jlpwo http://www.purchasingcheapbeatsbydre.com vnilr [url=http://www.drdrebeatsxiao.com]dr dre beats[/url] arxwa http://www.drdrebeatsxiao.com gexcq [url=http://www.goonebeatsbydre.com]beats by dre[/url] lsacu http://www.goonebeatsbydre.com orhgt [url=http://www.vip-beatsbydresale.com]cheap beats by dre[/url] xtdwg http://www.vip-beatsbydresale.com jfrx [url=http://www.drdrebeatsnamew.com]beats by dre[/url] kraej http://www.drdrebeatsnamew.com ucom [url=http://www.beatsbydrenameq.com]beats by dre[/url] qgylu http://www.beatsbydrenameq.com jjpn

Anonymous said...

lsjigr http://abc-louisvuittonoutlet.com ulsugg http://www.canadagoosehut.com isaufy http://www.mymontblancforcheap.com leqltp http://beatsbydrecheapp.com pqclea http://alouisvuittonoutlet-au.com jbnrxn [url=http://abc-louisvuittonoutlet.com]louis vuitton outlet[/url] zbsiq [url=http://www.canadagoosehut.com]canada goose outlet[/url] jvpdm [url=http://www.mymontblancforcheap.com]mont blanc[/url] bwviy [url=http://beatsbydrecheapp.com]beats by dre[/url] rynron [url=http://alouisvuittonoutlet-au.com]louis vuitton sale[/url] drpm

Anonymous said...

acwnfw http://www.mocanadagoosejackets.com krftyr http://icheapbeatsbyddre.com qjyioc http://www.mocanadagooseoutlet.com tanlmb http://socheapbeatsbydree.com bloxhz [url=http://www.mocanadagoosejackets.com]canada goose outlet[/url] rplec [url=http://icheapbeatsbyddre.com]cheap beats by dre[/url] rcukqi [url=http://www.mocanadagooseoutlet.com]canada goose outlet[/url] zgair [url=http://socheapbeatsbydree.com]cheap beats by dre[/url] eezsmo [url=http://palouisvuittonoutlet.com]louis vuitton outlet[/url] gzfvdw [url=http://pa-louisvuittoncheap.com]louis vuitton outlet[/url] zjug

Anonymous said...

bbunkm http://pa-louisvuittoncheap.com vdufnw http://www.mccanadagooseoutlet.com erahdw http://www.sale-cheapmontblanc.com lztkxg http://cheaperbeatssbydre.com czperu http://palouisvuittonoutlet.com gzfnfg [url=http://pa-louisvuittoncheap.com]louis vuitton handbags[/url] jttct [url=http://www.mccanadagooseoutlet.com]canada goose[/url] oqdly [url=http://www.sale-cheapmontblanc.com]cheap mont blanc[/url] vpask [url=http://cheaperbeatssbydre.com]cheap beats by dre[/url] ncztts [url=http://palouisvuittonoutlet.com]louis vuitton bags[/url] cqnq

Anonymous said...

vubpws http://au-louisvuittonoutlet.com vhccdh http://www.hots-canadagooseoutlet.com jvwafj http://www.montblanc-sale-us.com jtuqyw http://cheaperbeatsbyydre.com wsuddo http://fox-louisvuittonoutlet.com ysrflt [url=http://au-louisvuittonoutlet.com]louis vuitton handbags[/url] rpxzh [url=http://www.hots-canadagooseoutlet.com]canada goose outlet[/url] apsoy [url=http://www.montblanc-sale-us.com]mont blanc pens[/url] slbcr [url=http://cheaperbeatsbyydre.com]beats by dre[/url] zmelaa [url=http://fox-louisvuittonoutlet.com]louis vuitton sale[/url] lncl

Anonymous said...

zjmamd http://abc-louisvuittonoutlet.com qsgdql http://www.canadagoosehut.com dsjsgv http://www.mymontblancforcheap.com goswsn http://beatsbydrecheapp.com nogsrj http://alouisvuittonoutlet-au.com xzleki [url=http://abc-louisvuittonoutlet.com]louis vuitton handbags[/url] abxpa [url=http://www.canadagoosehut.com]canada goose outlet[/url] vnylg [url=http://www.mymontblancforcheap.com]mont blanc pens[/url] nsxqi [url=http://beatsbydrecheapp.com]dr dre beats[/url] myfomr [url=http://alouisvuittonoutlet-au.com]louis vuitton sale[/url] apkc

Anonymous said...

hbgtso http://louisvuittonooutlet-shop.com rpvdcq http://beatsbydree-sales.com gmhfyc http://newlouisvuitton.webs.com acvfyy http://nikeairmaxb.webs.com brdvxc http://beatsbydree-4u.com mdykgt [url=http://louisvuittonooutlet-shop.com]louis vuitton sale[/url] tvdwz [url=http://newlouisvuitton.webs.com]louis vuitton sale[/url] ghzvqi [url=http://beatsbydree-online.com]beats by dre[/url] cznrp [url=http://nikeairmaxb.webs.com]cheap nike shoes[/url] uztezu [url=http://beatsbydree-4u.com]cheap beats by dre[/url] pwxh

Anonymous said...

lcyvfj http://www.oceancityseafood.com/louisVuittonOutletb.html ktbtbx http://www.capeMayLinen.com/nikeairmax.html hwfjyi http://www.capeMayLinen.com/louisVuittonOutlet.html uxxsty http://maryhelverson.com/cheapnikeshoesc.html kyzzal http://www.chancemccann.com/celinebag.html lrobnv [url=http://www.oceancityseafood.com/louisVuittonOutletb.html]louis vuitton sale[/url] scrpf [url=http://www.capeMayLinen.com/nikeairmax.html]cheap air max[/url] dadwi [url=http://www.capeMayLinen.com/louisVuittonOutlet.html]louis vuitton sale[/url] shgck [url=http://maryhelverson.com/cheapnikeshoesc.html]air max[/url] gzjnyf [url=http://www.chancemccann.com/celinebag.html]celine bag[/url] bvmm

Anonymous said...

qarmmi http://www.capemaycitypolice.com/louisVuittonHandbags.html xgdwwb http://www.capeMayLinen.com/louisVuittonOutlet.html lyfbrr http://www.oceancityseafood.com/louisVuittonOutletb.html ysvvkx http://maryhelverson.com/nikeairmaxcheap.html etzbyj http://capeMayLinen.com/cheapnikeshoes.html duphyk [url=http://www.capemaycitypolice.com/louisVuittonHandbags.html]louis vuitton sale[/url] dsxwm [url=http://www.capeMayLinen.com/louisVuittonOutlet.html]louis vuitton outlet[/url] tbpqf [url=http://www.oceancityseafood.com/louisVuittonOutletb.html]louis vuitton sale[/url] csfjp [url=http://maryhelverson.com/nikeairmaxcheap.html]air max[/url] dkwvtr [url=http://capeMayLinen.com/cheapnikeshoes.html]cheap nike shoes[/url] lfsh

Anonymous said...

rfiols http://www.chancemccann.com/celinebag.html ynocnc http://maryhelverson.com/nikeairmaxcheap.html vhnigb http://www.capemaycitypolice.com/louisVuittonHandbags.html gfzehp http://www.capeMayLinen.com/nikeairmax.html fjsvks http://maryhelverson.com/cheapnikeshoesc.html ahsgwl [url=http://www.chancemccann.com/celinebag.html]celine bag[/url] hridw [url=http://maryhelverson.com/nikeairmaxcheap.html]cheap air max[/url] jkopy [url=http://www.capemaycitypolice.com/louisVuittonHandbags.html]louis vuitton sale[/url] fngns [url=http://www.capeMayLinen.com/nikeairmax.html]nike air max[/url] mrieqb [url=http://maryhelverson.com/cheapnikeshoesc.html]air max[/url] bpql

Anonymous said...

xlclzm http://www.chancemccann.com/celinebag.html wvcfot http://maryhelverson.com/nikeairmaxcheap.html pqbjzw http://www.capemaycitypolice.com/louisVuittonHandbags.html zkqdkn http://www.capeMayLinen.com/nikeairmax.html jjzhlh http://maryhelverson.com/cheapnikeshoesc.html wbadbh [url=http://www.chancemccann.com/celinebag.html]celine bag[/url] dglkj [url=http://maryhelverson.com/nikeairmaxcheap.html]air max shoes[/url] ndzik [url=http://www.capemaycitypolice.com/louisVuittonHandbags.html]louis vuitton sale[/url] lrkwl [url=http://www.capeMayLinen.com/nikeairmax.html]cheap nike shoes[/url] yqxynh [url=http://maryhelverson.com/cheapnikeshoesc.html]air max shoes[/url] omnk

Anonymous said...

wdnhpb http://www.capeMayLinen.com/cheapnikeshoes.html khxtrg http://chancemccann.com/nikeairmaxb.html bnikrw http://www.oceancityseafood.com/louisVuittonOutletb.html ktjeqc http://chancemccann.com/nikeairmaxb.html edsokc http://www.oceancityseafood.com/cheapnikeshoesb.html ncwxfx [url=http://www.capeMayLinen.com/cheapnikeshoes.html]cheap nike shoes[/url] cuzqq [url=http://www.oceancityseafood.com/louisVuittonOutletb.html]louis vuitton sale[/url] vmcxhu [url=http://chancemccann.com/nikeairmaxb.html]cheap nike shoes[/url] physr [url=http://chancemccann.com/nikeairmaxb.html]cheap nike shoes[/url] ofzvir [url=http://www.oceancityseafood.com/cheapnikeshoesb.html]nike air max[/url] axaj

Anonymous said...

wmcpel http://www.capemaycitypolice.com/louisVuittonHandbags.html yuelct http://www.capeMayLinen.com/louisVuittonOutlet.html agqnrj http://www.oceancityseafood.com/louisVuittonOutletb.html sfhjii http://maryhelverson.com/nikeairmaxcheap.html zhsimg http://capeMayLinen.com/cheapnikeshoes.html vzdoff [url=http://www.capemaycitypolice.com/louisVuittonHandbags.html]louis vuitton sale[/url] uttjo [url=http://www.capeMayLinen.com/louisVuittonOutlet.html]louis vuitton bags[/url] duwvd [url=http://www.oceancityseafood.com/louisVuittonOutletb.html]louis vuitton sale[/url] szysc [url=http://maryhelverson.com/nikeairmaxcheap.html]air max[/url] qabdxy [url=http://capeMayLinen.com/cheapnikeshoes.html]air max[/url] mfqa

Anonymous said...

hmtlwq http://www.capeMayLinen.com/cheapnikeshoes.html nwlqhj http://chancemccann.com/nikeairmaxb.html miltbr http://www.oceancityseafood.com/louisVuittonOutletb.html pdkkdc http://chancemccann.com/nikeairmaxb.html llgfau http://www.oceancityseafood.com/cheapnikeshoesb.html ehlqap [url=http://www.capeMayLinen.com/cheapnikeshoes.html]cheap nike shoes[/url] mivws [url=http://www.oceancityseafood.com/louisVuittonOutletb.html]louis vuitton bags[/url] axxuwr [url=http://chancemccann.com/nikeairmaxb.html]nike air max[/url] gwttr [url=http://chancemccann.com/nikeairmaxb.html]cheap nike shoes[/url] sairli [url=http://www.oceancityseafood.com/cheapnikeshoesb.html]nike air max[/url] jpek

Anonymous said...

calmjj http://www.oceancityseafood.com/louisVuittonOutletb.html gitjvh http://www.capeMayLinen.com/nikeairmax.html sqpkib http://www.capeMayLinen.com/louisVuittonOutlet.html mcooon http://maryhelverson.com/cheapnikeshoesc.html tbnigt http://www.chancemccann.com/celinebag.html rfcjaf [url=http://www.oceancityseafood.com/louisVuittonOutletb.html]louis vuitton handbags[/url] rheie [url=http://www.capeMayLinen.com/nikeairmax.html]cheap air max[/url] umnee [url=http://www.capeMayLinen.com/louisVuittonOutlet.html]louis vuitton sale[/url] kyinz [url=http://maryhelverson.com/cheapnikeshoesc.html]nike air max[/url] zqvaui [url=http://www.chancemccann.com/celinebag.html]celine bags[/url] ivnz

Anonymous said...

kfptag http://www.capemaycitypolice.com/louisVuittonHandbags.html ghsiik http://www.capeMayLinen.com/louisVuittonOutlet.html qnrqby http://www.oceancityseafood.com/louisVuittonOutletb.html gpzltr http://maryhelverson.com/nikeairmaxcheap.html wfyxdu http://capeMayLinen.com/cheapnikeshoes.html ipigea [url=http://www.capemaycitypolice.com/louisVuittonHandbags.html]louis vuitton sale[/url] djwjq [url=http://www.capeMayLinen.com/louisVuittonOutlet.html]louis vuitton outlet[/url] raiuu [url=http://www.oceancityseafood.com/louisVuittonOutletb.html]louis vuitton outlet[/url] ehjwp [url=http://maryhelverson.com/nikeairmaxcheap.html]cheap nike shoes[/url] fsxjpo [url=http://capeMayLinen.com/cheapnikeshoes.html]cheap nike shoes[/url] zxxv

Anonymous said...

gqyrzx http://www.oceancityseafood.com/louisVuittonOutletb.html hzdaam http://www.capeMayLinen.com/nikeairmax.html cqcenc http://www.capeMayLinen.com/louisVuittonOutlet.html jtdlef http://maryhelverson.com/cheapnikeshoesc.html vbozpb http://www.chancemccann.com/celinebag.html gbvzjf [url=http://www.oceancityseafood.com/louisVuittonOutletb.html]louis vuitton handbags[/url] fgcvz [url=http://www.capeMayLinen.com/nikeairmax.html]nike air max[/url] bzpmu [url=http://www.capeMayLinen.com/louisVuittonOutlet.html]louis vuitton outlet[/url] tfygm [url=http://maryhelverson.com/cheapnikeshoesc.html]air max[/url] vetqjt [url=http://www.chancemccann.com/celinebag.html]celine bag[/url] ldaz

Anonymous said...

nqevxj http://www.capemaycitypolice.com/louisVuittonHandbags.html xiogwy http://www.capeMayLinen.com/louisVuittonOutlet.html icores http://www.oceancityseafood.com/louisVuittonOutletb.html ljjzht http://maryhelverson.com/nikeairmaxcheap.html ggkdxp http://capeMayLinen.com/cheapnikeshoes.html nbpoub [url=http://www.capemaycitypolice.com/louisVuittonHandbags.html]louis vuitton sale[/url] ztssh [url=http://www.capeMayLinen.com/louisVuittonOutlet.html]louis vuitton bags[/url] cwyvr [url=http://www.oceancityseafood.com/louisVuittonOutletb.html]louis vuitton outlet[/url] smjqt [url=http://maryhelverson.com/nikeairmaxcheap.html]nike air max[/url] cfazai [url=http://capeMayLinen.com/cheapnikeshoes.html]nike air max[/url] oftr

Anonymous said...

uomzug http://www.louisvuittonuk-bags.co.uk ikyzcv [url=http://www.louisvuittonuk-bags.co.uk]louisvuittonuk-bags.co.uk[/url] ioojxr [url=http://www.louisvuittonuk-bags.co.uk]http://www.louisvuittonuk-bags.co.uk[/url] rmjqxp [url=http://www.louisvuittonuk-bags.co.uk]louis vuitton uk[/url] bxzvob [url=http://www.louisvuittonuk-bags.co.uk]louis vuitton outlet[/url] azafol [url=http://www.louisvuittonuk-bags.co.uk]louis vuitton handbags[/url] delnhk